在文章Paho - MQTT C Cient的实现中，我介绍了如何使用Paho开源项目创建MQTTClient_pulish客户端。但只是简单的介绍了使用方法，而且客户端的结果与之前介绍的并不吻合，今天我就结合新的例子，给大家讲解一下Paho使用MQTT客户端的主要过程。
如同前面介绍的，MQTT客户端分为同步客户端和异步客户端。今天主要讲解的是同步客户端，结构还是如同步客户端中介绍的：
1.创建一个客户端对象；
2.设置连接MQTT服务器的选项；
3.如果多线程（异步模式）操作被使用则设置回调函数（详见 Asynchronous >vs synchronous client applications）；
4.订阅客户端需要接收的任意话题；
5.重复以下操作直到结束：
a.发布客户端需要的任意信息；
b.处理所有接收到的信息；
6.断开客户端连接；
7.释放客户端使用的所有内存。
好，直接上代码，MQTT简单的同步客户端。
#include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "MQTTClient.h" #if !defined(WIN32) #include <unistd.h> #else #include <windows.h> #endif #define NUM_THREADS 2 #define ADDRESS "tcp://localhost:1883" //更改此处地址 #define CLIENTID "aaabbbccc_pub" //更改此处客户端ID #define SUB_CLIENTID "aaabbbccc_sub" //更改此处客户端ID #define TOPIC "topic01" //更改发送的话题 #define PAYLOAD "Hello Man, Can you see me ?!" // #define QOS 1 #define TIMEOUT 10000L #define USERNAME "test_user" #define PASSWORD "jim777" #define DISCONNECT "out" int CONNECT = 1; volatile MQTTClient_deliveryToken deliveredtoken; void delivered(void *context, MQTTClient_deliveryToken dt) { printf("Message with token value %d delivery confirmed\n", dt); deliveredtoken = dt; } int msgarrvd(void *context, char *topicName, int topicLen, MQTTClient_message *message) { int i; char* payloadptr; printf("Message arrived\n"); printf(" topic: %s\n", topicName); printf(" message: "); payloadptr = message->payload; if(strcmp(payloadptr, DISCONNECT) == 0){ printf(" \n out!!"); CONNECT = 0; } for(i=0; i<message->payloadlen; i++) { putchar(*payloadptr++); } printf("\n"); MQTTClient_freeMessage(&message); MQTTClient_free(topicName); return 1; } void connlost(void *context, char *cause) { printf("\nConnection lost\n"); printf(" cause: %s\n", cause); } void *subClient(void *threadid){ long tid; tid = (long)threadid; printf("Hello World! It's me, thread #%ld!\n", tid); MQTTClient client; MQTTClient_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTClient_connectOptions_initializer; int rc; int ch; MQTTClient_create(&client, ADDRESS, SUB_CLIENTID, MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL); conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 20; conn_opts.cleansession = 1; conn_opts.username = USERNAME; conn_opts.password = PASSWORD; MQTTClient_setCallbacks(client, NULL, connlost, msgarrvd, delivered); if ((rc = MQTTClient_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS) { printf("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Subscribing to topic %s\nfor client %s using QoS%d\n\n" "Press Q<Enter> to quit\n\n", TOPIC, CLIENTID, QOS); MQTTClient_subscribe(client, TOPIC, QOS); do { ch = getchar(); } while(ch!='Q' && ch != 'q'); MQTTClient_unsubscribe(client, TOPIC); MQTTClient_disconnect(client, 10000); MQTTClient_destroy(&client); pthread_exit(NULL); } void *pubClient(void *threadid){ long tid; tid = (long)threadid; int count = 0; printf("Hello World! It's me, thread #%ld!\n", tid); //声明一个MQTTClient MQTTClient client; //初始化MQTT Client选项 MQTTClient_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTClient_connectOptions_initializer; //#define MQTTClient_message_initializer { {'M', 'Q', 'T', 'M'}, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 } MQTTClient_message pubmsg = MQTTClient_message_initializer; //声明消息token MQTTClient_deliveryToken token; int rc; //使用参数创建一个client，并将其赋值给之前声明的client MQTTClient_create(&client, ADDRESS, CLIENTID, MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL); conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 20; conn_opts.cleansession = 1; conn_opts.username = USERNAME; conn_opts.password = PASSWORD; //使用MQTTClient_connect将client连接到服务器，使用指定的连接选项。成功则返回MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS if ((rc = MQTTClient_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTCLIENT_SUCCESS) { printf("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } pubmsg.payload = PAYLOAD; pubmsg.payloadlen = strlen(PAYLOAD); pubmsg.qos = QOS; pubmsg.retained = 0; while(CONNECT){ MQTTClient_publishMessage(client, TOPIC, &pubmsg, &token); printf("Waiting for up to %d seconds for publication of %s\n" "on topic %s for client with ClientID: %s\n", (int)(TIMEOUT/1000), PAYLOAD, TOPIC, CLIENTID); rc = MQTTClient_waitForCompletion(client, token, TIMEOUT); printf("Message with delivery token %d delivered\n", token); usleep(3000000L); } MQTTClient_disconnect(client, 10000); MQTTClient_destroy(&client); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS]; long t; pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, subClient, (void *)0); pthread_create(&threads[1], NULL, pubClient, (void *)1); pthread_exit(NULL); }在代码中，我创建了两个线程，分别用来处理订阅客户端和发布客户端。
整体详解