设置JDK：
vi .profile
export Java_HOME=/jdk1.6
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
设置Hadoop：
修改conf/hadoop-env.sh：export JAVA_HOME=jdk1.6
修改hadoop核心配置文件core-site.xml ，这里配置的是HDFS的地址和端口：
vi conf/core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>
</configuration>
修改hadoop中HDFS的配置hdfs-site.xml，配置的备份方式默认为3，因为安装的是单机版，所以修改为1
vi conf/hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
修改hadoop中MapReduce的配置文件maprd-site.xml，配置的是JobTracker的地址和端口：
vi conf/maprd-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
启动hadoop，在启动之前，需要格式化hadoop的文件系统HDFS，进度hadoop文件夹，输入下面命令：
bin/hadoop namenode -format
root@Ubuntu:/hadoop-1.1.0/bin# ./hadoop namenode -format
12/10/29 18:54:58 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = ubuntu/127.0.1.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.1.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.1 -r 1394289; compiled by 'hortonfo' on Thu Oct 4 22:06:49 UTC 2012
************************************************************/
12/10/29 18:54:58 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 32-bit
12/10/29 18:54:58 INFO util.GSet: 2% max memory = 19.33375 MB
12/10/29 18:54:58 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^22 = 4194304 entries
12/10/29 18:54:58 INFO util.GSet: recommended=4194304, actual=4194304
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=root
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isAccessTokenEnabled=false accessKeyUpdateInterval=0 min(s), accessTokenLifetime=0 min(s)
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
12/10/29 18:54:59 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 110 saved in 0 seconds.
12/10/29 18:55:00 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: closing edit log: position=4, editlog=/tmp/hadoop-root/dfs/name/current/edits
12/10/29 18:55:00 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: close success: truncate to 4, editlog=/tmp/hadoop-root/dfs/name/current/edits
12/10/29 18:55:00 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-root/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
12/10/29 18:55:00 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at ubuntu/127.0.1.1
************************************************************/
root@ubuntu:/hadoop-1.1.0/bin#