MySQL的安装方式有三种：RPM包、二进制包和源码包。
RPM
二进制
源码
优点
安装简单，适合初学者学习使用
安装简单；可以安装到任何路径下，灵活性好；一台服务器可以安装多个MySQL
在实际安装的操作系统进行可根据需要定制编译，最灵活；性能最好；一台服务器可以安装多个MySQL
缺点
需要单独下载客户端和服务器；安装路径不灵活，默认路径不能修改，一台服务器只能安装一个MySQL
已经经过编译，性能不如源码编译得好；不能灵活定制编译参数
安装过程较复杂；编译时间长
文件布局
/usr/bin（客户端程序和脚本）
/usr/sbin（mysqld服务器）/var/lib/mysql（日志文件和数据库）/usr/share/doc/packages（文档）
/usr/include/mysql（包含(头)文件）
/usr/lib/mysql（库文件）/usr/share/mysql（错误消息和字符集文件）/usr/share/sql-bench（基准程序）
bin（客户端程序和mysqld服务器）
data（日志文件和数据库）docs（文档和ChangeLog）include（包含(头)文件）lib（库文件）
scripts （mysql_install_db脚本，用来安装系统数据库）
share/mysql（错误消息文件）
sql-bench
1、配置环境和创建用户
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir /opt/mysql
[root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir /mysqldata
[root@rhel6 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@rhel6 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/flase mysql
[root@rhel6 ~]# chown mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
[root@rhel6 ~]# chown mysql:mysql /mysqldata
--关闭selinux
[root@rhel6 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
--配置环境变量
[root@rhel6 scripts]# vi ~/.bash_profile
--添加下面两条
export MYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_PATH/bin
[root@rhel6 scripts]# source ~/.bash_profile
2、上传并解压安装包
[root@rhel6 ~]# cd /opt/mysql/
[root@rhel6 mysql]# ls
mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@rhel6 mysql]# tar -zxvf mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/mysql_convert_table_format
mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/mysql_client_test
mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/mysqlhotcopy
mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/mysqladmin
mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/bin/msql2mysql
......
[root@rhel6 mysql]# mv mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql5.6.18
[root@rhel6 mysql]# ll
total 306412
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 Nov 13 20:38 mysql5.6.18
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 313754429 Nov 13 20:37 mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@rhel6 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql5.6.18/
[root@rhel6 mysql]# ll
total 306412
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 13 20:38 mysql5.6.18
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 313754429 Nov 13 20:37 mysql-advanced-5.6.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
3、安装mysql
[root@rhel6 mysql]# cd /opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/support-files/
[root@rhel6 support-files]# ls
binary-configure magic my-default.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server solaris
[root@rhel6 support-files]# cd /opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/scripts/
[root@rhel6 scripts]# ls
mysql_install_db
[root@rhel6 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18 --datadir=/mysqldata
WARNING: The host 'rhel6' could not be looked up with /opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/bin/resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...2016-11-13 20:42:18 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2016-11-13 20:42:18 1421 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
......
OK
Filling help tables...2016-11-13 20:42:21 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
......
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h rhel6 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd . ; /opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at
New default config file was created as /opt/mysql/mysql5.6.18/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
可以看到安装完成后mysql会给出一些提示、建议。
4、复制相关文件