CentOS 5.5上搭建LNMP

CentOS-5.5-x86_64+Nginx+php(Fast-cgi)+MySQL+memcache+eaccelerator生产环境中的安装
 
说明:本篇文章和这篇使用RedHat 系统上做的有很多类似的地方(见),包括软件,只是在做的时候遇到的不同问题以及各个问题的解决,是本篇文章的最重要的地方!

实验环境:
系统:CentOS-5.5-x86_64
# uname -a
Linux centos 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:35 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
# uname -n
centos
# uname -r
2.6.18-194.el5

一、从软件的官方网站下载软件包:

[root@centos ~]#mkdir -p lnmp
[root@centos ~]#cd lnmp
wget           
wget       
wget         
wget     
wget              
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"    
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"             
wget              
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"     
wget        
wget   
wget
wget
wget

二、安装PHP 5.2.14(FastCGI模式)

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库:
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
yum install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake flex bison bzip2-devel zlib-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel
 -y
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install

cd ../
 
做必要库的链接
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

安装mysql
mkdir -pv /mydata/data
tar xf mysql-5.1.46-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
/usr/sbin/groupadd  -g 3306 mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql -u 3306 -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
/bin/chown  -R mysql:mysql /mydata/
/bin/ln  -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.1.46-linux-i686-glibc23  /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R  root:mysql  .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
/sbin/ldconfig
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include    /usr/include/mysql
echo "MANPATH  /usr/local/mysql/man"    >> /etc/man.conf
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysqld restart
cd /root/lnmp/
2、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
yum install   libxml2-devel  openssl openssl-devel curl curl-devel   openldap openldap-client openldap-devel openldap-servers  libtool-ltdl-devel  ibtool-ltdl  -y
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php  \                                  //指定安装的位置
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  \   //指定配置文件的位置
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql  \               //指定mysql的位置
--with--mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/  \                  
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local  \                   //指定iconv的位置
--with-freetype-dir  \
--with-jpeg-dir  \                                        //支持jpeg
--with-png-dir  \                                         //支持png
--with-zlib  \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr  \
--enable-xml   \
--disable-rpath  \
--enable-discard-path  \
--enable-safe-mode  \
--enable-bcmath  \
--enable-shmop  \
--enable-sysvsem  \
--enable-inline-optimization  \
--with-curl  \
--with-curlwrappers  \
--enable-mbregex  \
--enable-fastcgi  \
--enable-fpm  \
--enable-force-cgi-redirect  \
--enable-mbstring  \
--with-mcrypt  \                             //支持加密
--with-gd  \                                     //支持gd库,也可以使用imagick
--enable-gd-native-ttf  \
--with-openssl  \                             //支持ssl
--with-mhash  \                              //支持hash算法
--enable-pcntl  \
--enable-sockets  \
--with-ldap  \
--with-ldap-sasl  \
--with-xmlrpc  \
--enable-zip  \
--enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
3、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.6.5-8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

4、修改php.ini文件
  手工修改:查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
  extension = "memcache.so"
  extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
  extension = "imagick.so"
  再查找output_buffering = Off
  修改为output_buffering = On
  再查找 ; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
  修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,即取消注释,使生效,防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
  自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension =
"memcache.so"\nextension ="pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#'  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.lamphelp.org和两个��拟主机使用的目录:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):
在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value>0</value>改为<value>1</value>,
以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
  <section>
    Pid file
    <value>/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
    Error log file
    <value>/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
    Log level
    <value>notice</value>
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value>10</value>
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    <value>1m</value>
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    <value>5s</value>
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    <value>yes</value>
  </section>
  <workers>
    <section>
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value>default</value>
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      <value>127.0.0.1:9000</value>
      <value>
        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value>-1</value>
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value></value>
        <value></value>
        <value>0666</value>
      </value>
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value>
        <value>/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value>0</value>
      </value>
      Unix user of processes
      <value>www</value>
      Unix group of processes
      <value>www</value>
      Process manager settings
      <value>
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value>static</value>
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value>128</value>
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value>
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value>20</value>
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value>5</value>
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value>35</value>
        </value>
      </value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value>0s</value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value>0s</value>
      The log file for slow requests
      <value>logs/slow.log</value>
      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value>65535</value>
      Set max core size rlimit
      <value>0</value>
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value></value>
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value></value>
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value>yes</value>
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value>1024</value>
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value>127.0.0.1</value>
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value>
        <value>$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value>/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value>/tmp</value>
        <value>/tmp</value>
        <value>/tmp</value>
        <value>$OSTYPE</value>
        <value>$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value>2</value>
      </value>
    </section>
  </workers>
</configuration>
  9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为128(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
  注:/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。

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