MySQL主从复制操作

两台安装MySQL的服务器,或者在一台服务器上部署两个MySQL实例。为了避免出现不必要的错误,MySQL版本最好保持一致。

+----------------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+----------+

|服务器地址    |主机名   |数据库版本  |数据库端口 |server_id |角色    |

+----------------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+----------+

|192.168.175.248 |Mysql-248 |Mysql-5.6.30 |3306     |1      |主库Master|

+----------------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+----------+

|192.168.175.249 |Mysql-249 |Mysql-5.6.30 |3306     |2      |从库Slave |

+----------------+----------+-------------+-----------+----------+----------+

一、 主库配置:

1. 开启二进制日志,配置server_id(需要重启生效)。

[root@Mysql-248 mysql-5.6.30]# grep -A3 'mysqld' my.cnf 

[mysqld]

port = 3306

server_id = 1

log-bin=mysql-bin

检验二进制日志状态,ON为打开:

mysql> show variables like 'log_bin' ;

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| log_bin     | ON   |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2. 在主库建立Mysql复制用户。

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.175.%' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3. 在主库上锁表备份,然后解锁。

锁表,锁表后当前窗口暂时不能关闭

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看master状态信息:

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+-------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File         | Position | Binlog_Do_DB| Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+-------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000001 |    414 |         |            |             |

+------------------+----------+-------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

新建ssh窗口,备份数据库:

[root@Mysql-248 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p'qwe123``' -A > /tmp/master248.sql

备份完成后,在原先窗口中解锁:

mysql> unlock tables;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

二、从库配置:

1. 配置从库server_id与relay-log(需要重启生效)

  注意:server_id必须是唯一的,不能与其他mysql库相同。从库无需开启二进制日志。

[root@Mysql-249 mysql-5.6.30]# grep mysqld -A3 my.cnf 

[mysqld]

port = 3306

server_id = 2

relay-log = mysql-relay-bin

2. 将主库的备份拷贝到本机,导入数据库。

拷贝备份:

[root@Mysql-249 mysql-5.6.30]# scp root@192.168.175.248:/tmp/master248.sql /tmp/

root@192.168.175.248's password: 

master248.sql      

导入:

[root@Mysql-249 mysql-5.6.30]# mysql -uroot -p'qwe123``' < /tmp/master248.sql 

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

3. 指定master服务器信息,开启slave。

指定master信息:

mysql> change master to \

-> master_host='192.168.175.248',

-> master_user='repl_user',

-> master_password='123456',

-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',

-> master_log_pos=414;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)

开启slave:

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

三、检验主从复制:

1. 在从库使用show slave status\G,查询主库信息以及IO进程、SQL进程工作状态。

mysql> show slave status\G 

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.175.248

Master_User: repl_user

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 414

Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 283

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

......

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查询结果显示Slave_IO_Running: Yes,Slave_SQL_Running: Yes,表示当前主从复制状态正常。

2. 在master新建数据库,在slave查询,测试主从复制效果。

Master建库建表。

mysql> create database cubix character set utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use cubix

Database changed

mysql> create table T1 (id int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into T1 VALUES ('1');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into T1 VALUES ('2');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into T1 VALUES ('3');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Slave查询新建的库。

mysql> show databases;

+-------------------+

| Database       |

+-------------------+

| information_schema|

| cubix         |

| mysql         |

| performance_schema|

+-------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use cubix

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_cubix|

+----------------+

| T1         |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from T1;

+------+

| id  |

+------+

|   1 |

|   2 |

|   3 |

+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

检查发现在主库上新增的数据,在从库上也有了,也可以证明主从同步正常。

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